Adaptively Refined Large-Eddy Simulations of Galaxy Clusters

Appendix G Hydrostatic equilibrium

G.1 Standard derivation

The equations of hydrostatic equilibrium can be obtained from the equations of fluid dynamics (2.1)-(2.3) assuming vi=06161Actually this assumption is a little bit to stringent. For a spherical symmetric system it is enough, that the average radial component of velocity ⟨vr⟩=0.. This yields

∂∂⁡t⁢ρ =0, (G.1)
∂⁡p∂⁡ri =ρ⁢gi. (G.2)

The gravitational force for a sphere with a mass profile M⁢(r) is

gi=-∂⁡Φ∂⁡ri=-G⁢M⁢(r)r2, (G.3)

so the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium for such a configuration is

1ρ⁢∂⁡p∂⁡r =-G⁢M⁢(r)r2. (G.4)

Substituting the ideal gas equation p=ρ⁢Rs⁢T on the left hand side leads to

1ρ⁢∂⁡p∂⁡r=Rsρ⁢(ρ⁢∂⁡T∂⁡r+T⁢∂⁡ρ∂⁡r)=Rs⁢T⁢(1T⁢∂⁡T∂⁡r+1ρ⁢∂⁡ρ∂⁡r)=Rs⁢T⁢(∂⁡ln⁡T∂⁡r+∂⁡ln⁡ρ∂⁡r). (G.5)

Plugging the last result into the equation for hydrostatic equilibrium (G.4), and solving for M⁢(r) gives an useful form of the hydrostatic equilibrium equation

M⁢(r) =-Rs⁢T⁢rG⁢(r⁢∂⁡ln⁡T∂⁡r+r⁢∂⁡ln⁡ρ∂⁡r)=-Rs⁢T⁢rG⁢(∂⁡ln⁡T∂⁡ln⁡r+∂⁡ln⁡ρ∂⁡ln⁡r). (G.6)

G.2 Derivation including turbulent pressure

If we add a turbulent pressure pt to the ideal gas equation we get for the total pressure

p=pt⁢h+pt⁢(l)=ρ⁢Rs⁢T+13⁢ρ⁢q2⁢(l). (G.7)

If we substitute this into the equation for hydrostatic equilibrium (G.4), we get an additional term due to the turbulent pressure

∂⁡pt⁢(l)∂⁡r=13⁢ρ⁢q2⁢(l)⁢(∂⁡ln⁡q2⁢(l)∂⁡r+∂⁡ln⁡ρ∂⁡r). (G.8)

Therefore the total gravitational mass within the radius r assuming hydrostatic equilibrium including a turbulent pressure associated with a length scale l is

M⁢(r,l) =-rG⁢[Rs⁢Tg⁢(∂⁡ln⁡Tg∂⁡ln⁡r+∂⁡ln⁡ρg∂⁡ln⁡r)+q2⁢(l)3⁢(∂⁡ln⁡q2⁢(l)∂⁡ln⁡r+∂⁡ln⁡ρ∂⁡ln⁡r)]. (G.9)